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Bathinda
Bathinda is a city and municipal corporation in Punjab, India. The city is the administrative headquarters of Bathinda district. It is located in northwestern India, in the Malwa region, 227 km west of the capital Chandigarh and is the fifth largest city in Punjab.
Bathinda is home to Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Central University of Punjab and AIIMS Bathinda. The city is also home to two modern thermal power plants, Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Power Station and Guru Hargobind Thermal Power Station in Lehra Mohabbat. The city is also home to a fertilizer factory, two cement factories (Ambuja Cements and UltraTech Cement Limited), a large military cantonment, an air force station, a zoo and a historic Qila Mubarak fort.
Bhatinda was changed to Bathinda to conform to the locally pronounced phonetic expression. According to Henry George Raverty, Bathinda was known as Tabar-i-Hind (Labb-ut-Twarikh) or Tabarhindh, which roughly translates to \"Gateway to India\". The first mention of Tabar-i-Hind appears in Jami-Ul-Hakayat, written around 607 Hijri or 1211 AD.
In 1004, Mahmud of Ghazni besieged and captured the local fortress, which lay on the northwest route to the rich Ganges valley. In 1190, Muhammad of Ghor attacked and occupied the fortress of Bathinda. Prithviraj Chauhan, the ruler of this region, managed to regain possession of the fort thirteen months later, in 1191, after the First Battle of Tarain. However, Prithviraj Chauhan was killed in the Second Battle of Tarain and the Bathinda fort came back under the control of Muhammad Ghori.

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