Jammu
Jammu is a city in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir, a union territory administered by India. It is the headquarters and largest city of Jammu district. Situated on the banks of River Tawi, the city of Jammu covers an area of 240 km2 and is surrounded by the Himalayas to the north and the Northern Plains to the south. Jammu is the second most populous city in the union territory. Jammu is known as the 'City of Temples' due to its ancient temples and Hindu shrines.
According to Jammu, it emerged around 900 AD. The state of Durgara also dates back to this time. The capital of the Durgara state at that time is believed to have been Vallapura (identified with modern Billawar). The rulers are mentioned repeatedly in Kalhana's Rajatarangini. Babbapura (modern Babor) is another state mentioned in Rajatarangini, some of whose rulers also appear in the Vamshavali (family chronicles) of later rulers of Jammu. These rulers are believed to have enjoyed a quasi-independent status and were allied with the Delhi Sultans. Raja Bhim Dev is prominently mentioned in the Delhi chronicles as a supporter of Mubarah Shah (r. 1421-1434).
Jammu is mentioned by name in the chronicles of Timur (r. 1370-1406), who invaded Delhi in 1398 and returned to Samarkand via Jammu. In Babur's Mughal chronicles of the early 16th century, Jammu is mentioned as a powerful state in the Punjab hills. It is said to have been ruled by Manhas Rajputs. Emperor Akbar brought the mountain kingdoms of the region under Mughal rule, but the kings enjoyed considerable political autonomy. Apart from Jammu, other kingdoms of the region such as Kishtwar and Rajauri were also prominently mentioned. It is clear that the Mughal Empire treated these hill chiefs as allies and partners of the empire.

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